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What is the common classification method of energy storage technology?

Energy storage technology can be classified according to storage duration, response time and function. The most popular method is to roughly divide energy storage into mechanical energy, thermochemical energy, chemical energy, electrical energy and thermal energy according to the form of energy storage.

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Advanced energy storage technology can complete power dispatching in milliseconds or seconds, and can also provide backup power in minutes or hours. The length of the appropriate duration of storage, system scale and response time depend on the technology, so it is very important to select the appropriate technology according to application requirements and restrictions.

● Mechanical energy.

Store energy in the form of gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy, or compressed potential energy. Mechanical energy includes pumped storage, gravity energy storage, compressed air energy storage and flywheel energy storage technologies.

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● Electrochemical storage.

Electrochemical storage technology includes various battery technologies that use different electrochemical reactions to store electric energy, namely lead-acid battery, lithium battery, etc. Depending on their type, batteries may be suitable for short duration or longer than 8 hours applications. For fixed storage applications, the two main parameters are battery cycle life and round-trip energy efficiency.

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● thermal storage

The principle of energy storage in thermal energy storage system is different from electrochemical or mechanical energy storage system in concept. Energy can be recovered by using the remaining electrical energy to heat or cool the appropriate material, using the reverse process when needed.

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● Electricity storage

Supercapacitors and superconducting magnetic energy storage systems store electric energy in electromagnetic fields and electric fields, and the energy loss is very small.

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● Hydrogen storage technology (electricity to gas)

The basic concept of hydrogen storage technology is to use electricity to electrolyze water to generate hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen generated is stored in a high-pressure container and can be directly used as fuel for combustion or used to generate electricity through PEM fuel cells.

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