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What are the main components of the power distribution system?

The power distribution system is composed of all facilities and equipment connected to the customer’s equipment by the transmission system.

A typical distribution system can include:

Substation

It is a high-voltage power system facility. It is used to switch the access system of generators, equipment, circuits or lines.

Distribution feeder circuit

the distribution feeder circuit is the connection between the output terminal of the distribution substation and the input terminal of the primary circuit. The distribution feeder circuit conductor leaves the substation from the circuit breaker or circuit recloser through an underground cable called substation outlet cable.

Switches

The distribution system has switches installed at strategic locations to redirect or cut off power flow for load balancing or segmentation.

Protective equipment

protective equipment in power distribution system includes protective relay, cut-off switch, circuit breaker, lightning arrester and fuse. In case of short circuit, lightning stroke or other destructive events, they can work independently or together to open the circuit.

Primary circuit

The primary circuit is the distribution circuit that transfers power from the substation to the local load area. They are also referred to as fast branches or distribution main branches.

Distribution transformer

the distribution transformer reduces the voltage of the primary circuit to the voltage required by the customer.

Secondary

The secondary is the conductor from the low-voltage secondary winding of the distribution transformer. The secondary for residential services is a three wire single-phase circuit. They extend along the rear lot line, alley or street, passing the customer’s site. The secondary can be overhead or underground

Service

The wire extending from the secondary or distribution transformer to the customer’s location is called service. The service can be on the ground or underground.

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