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electrolyte
Dissolved in an organic solvent by a lithium salt (such as LiPF₆), it is responsible for conducting lithium ions between positive and negative electrodes and is a key part of the energy flow inside a battery
How the electrolyte works
Electrolyte is the core component of lithium battery, responsible for conducting lithium ions in the battery charging and discharging process, is the key to the normal operation of the battery. The performance of the electrolyte directly affects the energy density, safety, life and charge and discharge efficiency of the battery. Common electrolytes consist of lithium salts and solvents.
Information about the electrolyte
Composition of electrolyte
Lithium salts are the most important component of the electrolyte. Common lithium salts include lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆), Lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF₄), and lithium fluoride (LiClO₄). The most commonly used is LiPF₆ because it has good conductivity, stability, and low cost.
The solvent is used to dissolve the lithium salt, ensuring that the lithium ions can be smoothly transported inside the battery. Solvents are generally organic solvents, such as dimethyl carbonate (DMC), vinyl carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), etc. The choice of different solvents has a significant effect on the performance of the battery.
Function of electrolyte
Ion conduction: The main role of the electrolyte is to allow lithium ions to move from the positive electrode to the negative electrode (or reverse) during the battery charging and discharging process to complete the storage and release of energy. The conductivity of the electrolyte directly affects the charging and discharging speed of the battery.
Battery stability: The electrolyte also plays a role in maintaining electrochemical stability inside the battery, preventing adverse reactions between lithium ions and other materials under extreme conditions, which in turn affects the safety and long life of the battery.
Prevent side reactions: The electrolyte should try to avoid side reactions with the materials inside the battery. For example, in overcharged or high temperature environments, the electrolyte needs to be stable to prevent decomposition and formation of harmful substances, thus ensuring the safety of the battery.Volume expansion problem: Although the volume expansion of graphite is relatively small, the graphite anode material will also expand and contract slightly during the long charge and discharge process. This can affect battery life and cause mechanical damage to the battery.
Characteristics and requirements of electrolyte
High conductivity: The electrolyte needs to have good conductivity to ensure that lithium ions can conduct efficiently, especially when charging and discharging at high rates.
Thermal stability: The stability of the electrolyte in a high temperature environment is crucial to prevent the thermal runaway of the battery due to overheating.
Low volatility and low toxicity: The volatility and toxicity of the electrolyte need to be as low as possible to improve the safety and environmental friendliness of the battery.
Low temperature performance: The performance of the electrolyte in a low temperature environment should be stable, which can ensure that the battery can also work smoothly under low temperature conditions.
low-speed car batteries
Low-speed vehicle battery is a kind of battery designed for low-speed electric vehicles, which has the characteristics of clean, environmental protection, high efficiency and economy, and is widely used in electric golf carts, low-speed electric vehicles (LSV), mobile vendors, campus transportation, cargo trucks and so on
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