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Battery safety system
The safety system for lithium-ion batteries is a critical part of ensuring that they prevent failures and hazards during operation. Through a variety of designs and components, it provides electrical, mechanical and thermal management and other layers of protection, generally including overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection, short circuit protection and temperature protection. Physical safety devices such as explosion-proof valves and fuses are also integrated to avoid safety hazards in extreme conditions.
Battery safety system
Controlling temperature is crucial in batteries because high temperatures significantly decrease battery life and low temperatures lower the usable capacity and energy as well as affect how fast batteries can be charged. It is important for a battery management system to activate heaters or coolers to keep the temperature within safe limits. With Simscape Battery, you can model a charging and discharging cycle on a battery module assembly while monitoring the cell temperature and enabling cooling.
The main composition and function of safety system
Overvoltage and overcurrent protection
Function: Prevent the voltage of the battery from exceeding the safety limit when charging, or the current is too large when discharging. Key device: Overvoltage protection circuit: automatically cut off the circuit when the battery is overcharged to avoid electrolyte decomposition or thermal runaway. Overcurrent protector: Detect abnormal current, quickly cut off output, prevent short circuit and overload.
Short circuit protection
Function: Prevent high temperature, high pressure and even explosion caused by internal or external short circuit of the battery. Key device: Fuse: Fuse quickly when the current exceeds the safe value, disconnect the circuit. Thermistor: Senses the temperature rise caused by the short circuit and blocks the circuit.
Temperature protection
Function: Ensure that the battery works within the appropriate temperature range to avoid overheating or low temperature damage. Key device: Thermal sensor: real-time monitoring of battery temperature, overtemperature to the management system alarm or interrupt the work. Hot melt switch: Automatically disconnect the circuit when the temperature exceeds the safe value.
Explosion-proof device
Function: Prevent the shell from bursting or exploding due to high internal pressure. Key device: Explosion-proof valve: When the internal pressure of the battery exceeds the set value, the gas is automatically released to relieve the pressure. Pressure relief device: allows the safe release of accumulated heat and gases.
Battery Management System (BMS) integrated protection
Function: Provides comprehensive safety protection by monitoring battery operating status (voltage, current, temperature, etc.). Main measures: Detects and records exceptions in real time, triggering the protection mechanism. Balance the battery cell under abnormal conditions to avoid damage to the single battery and the entire battery pack.
low-speed car batteries
Low-speed vehicle battery is a kind of battery designed for low-speed electric vehicles, which has the characteristics of clean, environmental protection, high efficiency and economy, and is widely used in electric golf carts, low-speed electric vehicles (LSV), mobile vendors, campus transportation, cargo trucks and so on
Extended reading
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