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Housing and packaging materials
The shell and packaging materials of the lithium battery are a non-negligible part of the battery structure, and their main role is to protect the internal battery components to ensure the safety, mechanical stability and long-term reliability of the battery. The choice of housing and packaging materials directly affects the performance, life, and safety of the battery, especially in extreme environments such as overcharge, overdischarge, and high temperature.
battery Housing
The shell and packaging materials of lithium batteries not only provide the necessary physical protection to ensure the safety and stability of the battery, but also play an important role in thermal management and long battery life. With the continuous progress of technology, the future battery housing and packaging materials will be more efficient, safe and environmentally friendly direction, thereby improving the overall performance and sustainability of the battery.
Housing and packaging materials
Function of shell
Physical protection: The shell effectively protects the electrodes and electrolyte inside the battery to avoid physical damage from the external environment, such as collision, scratching, etc.
Safety protection: The shell can effectively isolate the harmful substances inside the battery and the external environment to prevent the battery from leaking or burning, explosion and other safety accidents. Especially when the battery is subject to overcharge, high temperature and other abnormal situations, the housing can prevent the thermal control inside the battery.
Thermal management: The housing material needs to have a certain thermal conductivity to help the battery dissipate heat and keep the battery operating temperature within a safe range, thereby improving the working efficiency and service life of the battery.
The role of packaging materials
Sealing: The packaging material can effectively seal the inside of the battery to prevent air, moisture and other pollutants from entering the battery, thereby improving the reliability of the battery.
Electrical insulation: The packaging material needs to have good electrical insulation performance to prevent short circuits in the electrodes inside the battery to ensure the safe operation of the battery.
Protect the internal components of the battery: The package also plays a shock-proof and anti-corrosion role, protecting the internal structure of the battery from the external environment.
Common shell material
Aluminum shell: Aluminum is widely used in the shell of lithium batteries because of its light weight, corrosion resistance, easy processing and other advantages. Aluminum alloys are commonly used to provide good mechanical strength while having high heat dissipation.
Steel shell: Steel shell is stronger than aluminum shell, can provide higher physical protection, so in some high energy density, high power applications of the battery, steel shell is often used. However, the steel case is heavier and is usually used for larger size battery packs.
Plastic casings: Plastic casings are usually used for smaller batteries, such as lithium batteries in small devices such as mobile phones and power tools. Plastic shells are light and easy to work with, but relatively not as strong as metal shells.ctly affect the performance of the battery.
Types of packaging materials
Aluminum-plastic film: aluminum-plastic film is a common packaging material for soft-pack batteries, consisting of aluminum foil layer and plastic film layer. It has good electrical insulation and mechanical strength, and is widely used in lithium batteries with high energy density. The aluminum-plastic film is well sealed and can effectively prevent the leakage of gas inside the battery.
Metal shell: For some hard-shell batteries, metal (such as stainless steel, aluminum alloy) shells are widely used as packaging materials, which can effectively protect the structure of the battery and prevent damage.
Ceramic packaging materials: Ceramic materials have extremely high electrical insulation and thermal stability, and are sometimes used as packaging materials for high-end batteries, especially in special environments such as high temperature and high pressure.
Packaging technology
Hot compression packaging: The packaging material is sealed to the battery by heating and pressurizing, which is suitable for the packaging of aluminum-plastic film. This method is common in soft-pack lithium batteries, which can ensure the internal tightness of the battery and prevent gas leakage.
Welding package: The use of welding technology to fix the shell and the various components of the battery, often used in the production of hard-shell batteries. This process ensures the mechanical strength and tightness of the battery housing.
low-speed car batteries
Low-speed vehicle battery is a kind of battery designed for low-speed electric vehicles, which has the characteristics of clean, environmental protection, high efficiency and economy, and is widely used in electric golf carts, low-speed electric vehicles (LSV), mobile vendors, campus transportation, cargo trucks and so on
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