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The function of the battery positive plate
Lithium iron phosphate is a commonly used cathode material for lithium ion batteries, and its cathode sheet plays an important role in batteries. The functions and related characteristics of the cathode sheet with lithium iron phosphate as the cathode material will be described in detail below.
Electrochemical performance
Lithium ions enter the electrolyte and then cross the diaphragm and migrate to the surface of the graphite crystal.
Lithium ions are embedded in the graphite lattice, while electrons flow from the positive electrode to the negative electrode through an external circuit, leaving the negative electrode in a lithium-rich state.
The chemical equation of the reaction is expressed as: LiFePO4 - xLi + xe^- → FePO4 + (1-x)LiFePO4
Discharge process
The lithium ions are deembedded from the graphite crystal, enter the electrolyte, then cross the diaphragm and migrate to the surface of the lithium iron phosphate crystal.
Charging process
Lithium ions are reembedded into the lattice of lithium iron phosphate, while electrons flow from the negative electrode to the positive electrode through the external circuit, load.
The chemical equation of the reaction is expressed as FePO4 + xLi + xe^- → LiFePO4 + (1-x)FePO4
Lithium ions (Li+) are deembedded from the lithium iron phosphate crystal (LiFePO4) and migrate to the crystal surface.
Energy density and capacity
Cycle life
Lithium iron phosphate material has excellent cycle stability, usually can withstand more than 2000 charge and discharge cycles, and the capacity decay rate is very low. This makes it perform well in scenarios that require long-term use such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems
Energy Density
The theoretical capacity of lithium iron phosphate is about 170 mAh/g, which is slightly lower compared to nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide (NMC) or lithium cobalt-oxide (LiCoO₂) materials, but its practical energy density is still considerable, especially in application scenarios that require high safety and stability.
Safety and thermal stability
Chemical stability
The chemical properties of lithium iron phosphate are relatively stable, more tolerant to overcharge and short circuit, reducing the safety risks in the use of the battery. It still maintains relatively stable performance under extreme conditions such as high temperature and high voltage.
Thermal stability
Lithium iron phosphate cathode material has good thermal stability, its thermal decomposition temperature is higher than 200°C, compared with other lithium ion battery cathode materials, lithium iron phosphate is less likely to cause thermal runaway phenomenon, which makes LFP battery more safe in high temperature environment.
Conductivity and ion mobility
Lithium ion migration
The crystal structure of lithium iron phosphate facilitates the embedding and deembedding of lithium ions, enabling them to effectively migrate lithium ions during fast charging and discharging, thereby improving the power density of the battery and meeting high power demand applications such as electric vehicles.
Electrical conductivity
Although the conductivity of lithium iron phosphate itself is low, conductive agents (such as carbon black and conductive polymers) are usually added to the positive electrode to improve the overall electronic conductivity. Good conductivity helps to reduce the internal resistance and improve the charging and discharging efficiency.
CONCLUSION
The cathode sheet of lithium iron phosphate as cathode material has excellent electrochemical performance, safety and cycle life in lithium ion batteries. Its excellent thermal and chemical stability makes it the preferred material for a variety of applications. With the advancement of technology and the expansion of application scope, lithium iron phosphate batteries will continue to play an important role in electric vehicles, energy storage systems and other fields.
Home energy storage product series
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