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What is the specific role of the isolation membrane in the battery?

Isolation membranes play a crucial role in batteries, especially lithium-ion batteries. The following is the specific role of the isolation film in the battery:

Physical isolation

The main function of the isolation film is to physically isolate the positive and negative electrodes of the battery to prevent direct contact between the two poles resulting in short circuit.

Ion transport channel

Although the isolation membrane prevents the direct flow of electrons, it allows lithium ions in the electrolyte to pass through its microporous structure, thus moving between positive and negative electrodes during charge and discharge, completing the electrochemical cycle.

Safety protection

In the case of abnormal conditions such as overcharging, overheating or internal pressure increase of the battery, the isolation film can provide certain safety protection. Some isolation membranes are designed with thermal closing characteristics, that is, at a certain temperature, the isolation membrane will melt or close its pores, preventing further transmission of lithium ions, thereby preventing the battery from overheating and thermal runaway.

Maintaining the structure of the battery

The isolation film helps maintain the structural integrity inside the battery, preventing the expansion or contraction of the electrode material during the charge and discharge process resulting in poor contact.

Electrochemical stability

The isolation film needs to have good electrochemical stability to ensure that no chemical decomposition occurs within the voltage and temperature range of the battery, ensuring the long-term reliability of the battery.

Chemical compatibility

The isolation membrane must be compatible with the electrolyte and other battery materials in the battery and will not cause adverse reactions or degradation.

Suction and retention capacity

The isolation film needs to have a certain suction and retention capacity to maintain a uniform distribution of electrolyte inside the battery, thereby improving battery performance and life.

Thermal stability

The isolation film should have good thermal stability to maintain its structure and function under high temperature conditions and prevent the battery from overheating.

Mechanical strength

The isolation film needs to be mechanically strong enough to withstand the physical stresses that the battery may encounter during manufacturing, use, and transportation.

CONCLUSION

The performance of the isolation film directly affects the safety, energy density, cycle life and overall performance of the battery, so the selection and design of the isolation film is crucial to the battery technology.

next read:What role does the isolation film play in battery failure?

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