Battery Management System (BMS) Battery Management System (BMS) is an...
Passive Balanced Battery Management System (BMS)
With the rapid development of renewable energy and electric vehicles, the effectiveness of battery management as the core component of energy storage directly affects the performance and life of the entire system. Battery Management System (BMS) is an important part of realizing the functions of battery packs. Passive balance BMS, as one of the most common battery balance management methods, has the characteristics of simplicity and effectiveness, and is widely used in various battery systems. This paper will introduce the working principle, advantages and disadvantages, and application scenarios of passive balanced BMS in detail.
What is passive equilibrium BMS?
Passive Equalization BMS is a battery management system that achieves balance between battery cells through simple means such as resistance. Its core role is to ensure that the State of Charge (SOC) of the various battery cells that make up the battery pack tends to be consistent, thereby improving the overall energy utilization efficiency and system safety. Passive equalization mainly relies on the resistance to consume the excess energy of the overcharged battery unit, so that the state of all battery units is maintained at a relatively constant level.
the working principle
Condition monitoring
The system first monitors the voltage and current of each battery cell in real time to evaluate the state of charge (SOC) of each battery.
Identification of power imbalance
When the voltage of some battery cells in a battery string is higher than that of others, the system identifies the imbalance and starts the balancing policy.
Balancing process
In the equalization process, the system converts the excess power of the high-power battery unit into heat discharge through resistance, reducing its voltage so that it is close to the voltage of the low-power unit. This process is usually carried out during charging to avoid overcharging of the battery.
Cycle monitoring
The passive equalization system continuously monitors the voltage variation of the cell to ensure the effectiveness of the equalization process and repeats the equalization operation as necessary until the voltage difference between the cell units is reduced to an acceptable range.
the advantages of passive balanced BMS
Passive balanced BMS offers several advantages, including:
Simple structure:
The design of passive balanced BMS is relatively simple, usually requires a small number of electronic components (such as resistors, voltage sensors, etc.), and is easy to integrate and maintain.
Lower cost:
Due to its simple hardware structure and control strategy, passive balanced BMS is relatively inexpensive to manufacture and maintain, making it ideal for projects with limited budgets.
High reliability:
Because of the simple structure of passive balanced BMS, the possibility of system failure is less, and the reliability of the whole system is improved.
Easy to deploy:
The components and functions of a passively balanced BMS are easily integrated into existing battery management frameworks and are relatively simple to implement.
Disadvantages of passive balanced BMS
Although passive balanced BMS has many advantages, it also has some disadvantages:
Energy loss:
Passive equilibrium is achieved by consuming excess electrical energy (in the form of heat), which causes a certain amount of energy loss and affects the overall energy utilization efficiency.
Processing speed is slow:
The speed of passive balancing is slow, especially when some units in the battery pack are seriously unbalanced, the consumption of excess power is longer, and it may be difficult to achieve equilibrium in a short period of time.
Temperature rise:
During the equalization process, excess energy is converted to heat energy, which may cause the temperature of the battery pack to rise. Therefore, pay attention to the heat dissipation design to prevent the battery from overheating.
Not suitable for large-scale battery packs:
For particularly large battery packs, passive equalization may not be efficient enough and easily lead to imbalance, which is more suitable for small and medium-sized battery systems.
Application Scenarios
Electric vehicles
In electric vehicles, passive balanced BMS can effectively manage the battery pack, improve the overall energy output efficiency, and extend the battery life.
energy storage system
Passive balanced BMS are commonly used in home and commercial energy storage systems to help effectively manage the charge and discharge of energy storage batteries and ensure stable output.
Portable electronic devices
In portable devices such as smartphones and tablets, a simple passive equalization solution can maintain good battery performance.
Drones and Aircraft
Passive balanced BMS can adapt to the requirements of battery performance and reliability of small aircraft such as drones, and ensure long-term flight.
CONCLUSION
Passive balanced battery management system plays an important role in the field of battery management because of its simple structure, low cost and high reliability. Despite the shortcomings of energy loss and slow equalization, its wide applicability determines that it will continue to play a role in several fields. In the future, with the continuous progress of technology and the expansion of application scenarios, passive balanced BMS will usher in more opportunities and challenges.
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